Aug. 23rd, 2025

2nd Virgo

Aug. 23rd, 2025 09:49 am
Overview of Degree InterpretationsThe Sun at 01°04' Virgo falls within the 1°-2° range of Virgo (commonly referred to as the 2nd degree in systems like Sabian symbols, where 1° Virgo corresponds to 0°00'-0°59' and 2° Virgo to 1°00'-1°59'). Below, I've compiled the provided interpretations from various astrologers and systems, and added those from Nikola Stojanovic's degree theory and James Burgess's zodiac degree work. Stojanovic's theory assigns specific meanings to degree numbers across all signs, with 2° linked to Taurus influences and themes of "supreme power, greatness, or large buildings," often manifesting as elevated status, wealth, or structural achievements, but tempered by the sign's energy (here, Virgo's analytical precision).

2 sources

James Burgess reinterprets Sabian symbols with a focus on spiritual and psychological growth, framing Virgo 2° (Large White Cross) as an "awakening to sacredness," emphasizing contrast, expansion through conviction, and a shift toward perceiving deeper holiness in life.

2 sources

For clarity, here's a summarized list of all interpretations:Carelli (1-2° Virgo): Great abstract intelligence, versatility, methodical mind, gifts for military/math sciences; dry, cool nature prone to apathy, stubbornness, atheism/agnosticism; potential miserable/roaming life unless balanced by Water/Fire elements.
Bardon (2° Virgo): Protector of inventions in the Akasha principle; inspires or delays realizations of ideas; reveals future inventions under secrecy to favored individuals.
Chandra (Virgo 2°): Man hanging upside down from a tree; detached from ego, aligned with greater laws; acts as a pure truth vessel, observing divine will prevail over distortion.
Charubel (1-2° Virgo? implied): Man peeping at armed men reconnoitering; denotes a strategist suited for army or other fields, though traits may seem unenviable.
Henson (1-2° Virgo): Music, firmness; strategist with critical, penetrating, orderly mind; great endurance, firm convictions; may depart from orthodox religion; photography; rules upper intestinal areas.
Janduz (1° Virgo): Man and woman on a rock in desert; honest, stable, serious; precise mathematical thinking, theoretical approach; success in metaphysics/science/arts; cold, passive, sticks to routine, risking stasis/bad luck.
Kozminsky (1-2° Virgo): Waning moon in half-clear/half-cloudy sky; considerable ability but later difficulties/trouble; advises caution, avoiding speculation/deceit; symbol of threatenings.
Leinbach (1-2° Virgo): Strategist with mental plans for social interactions; clever/naive, outgoing, friendly (genuine or ulterior); skilled at being life of party; adds mental cleverness to spotlight-seeking.
Muir (1-2° Virgo): Inclined to neglect business for pleasurable study until compelled by circumstances to earn a livelihood.
Sabian (Virgo 2°): Large white cross dominates landscape; wisdom/compassion from suffering/isolation; requires ego "crucifixion" for detachment; liberating ordeal leading to initiation and higher participation.
Weber (1-2° Virgo): Scattered, self-righteous with Sagittarius/Cancer influences causing problems; firm, critical mastermind; musician/composer, excellent in math/theory; impatient/irritable, often overlooked for promotions; periodic health checks needed.
Nikola Stojanovic (2° any sign, applied to Virgo): Ruled by Taurus; degree of supreme power, greatness, or large buildings; confers potential for elevated status, enduring structures, or significant achievements, blended with Virgo's detail-oriented, service-focused energy—may manifest as powerful analytical roles or building lasting systems/institutions.
James Burgess (Virgo 2°): Awakening to sacredness (based on Large White Cross Sabian); contrasting principle within "conviction" expression; expands through recognizing holiness, leading to deeper spiritual awareness and principled growth.

SimilaritiesThe interpretations share several overlapping themes, often clustering around intellectual prowess, strategic thinking, detachment/spirituality, and potential challenges. These can be grouped as follows:Intellectual and Strategic Gifts: A strong emphasis on mental acuity, precision, and strategy appears in many (Carelli: abstract intelligence, military/math; Charubel: strategist for army; Henson: strategist with critical/orderly mind; Leinbach: mental plans for social interaction; Janduz: precise mathematical thinking; Weber: mastermind excellent in math/theory; Nikola: power/greatness via structured achievements). This suggests a core Virgoan theme of analytical, methodical problem-solving amplified at this degree, often with a tactical or inventive edge (Bardon: protector of inventions).
Firmness, Endurance, and Convictions: Traits like steadfastness, firmness, and strong beliefs recur (Carelli: endurance bordering on stubbornness; Henson: firmness, great endurance, firm convictions; Janduz: stable, serious; Weber: firm mastermind; Nikola: greatness/large buildings implying enduring structures). This points to resilience but with risks of rigidity.
Detachment, Spirituality, or Higher Awareness: Several highlight a shift beyond ego toward deeper truths or sacredness (Chandra: out of phase with ego, truth vessel observing divine will; Sabian: detachment via suffering, liberating ordeal; James Burgess: awakening to sacredness; Carelli: atheism/agnosticism as a form of detached reckoning; Henson: departure from orthodox religion). This creates a spiritual undercurrent, where isolation or ordeal leads to wisdom/compassion.
Potential for Challenges or Negativity: Warnings of difficulties, apathy, or threats are common (Carelli: apathy, fatalistic indolence, miserable life; Kozminsky: later troubles, threatenings, caution needed; Janduz: coldness, passivity, stasis causing bad luck; Weber: scattered, impatient, overlooked promotions, health issues; Muir: neglect of business until compelled). Health or bodily concerns also echo (Henson: upper intestinal; Weber: health checks).
Creative or Observational Elements: Subtle nods to arts, observation, or innovation (Henson: music, photography; Weber: musician/composer; Bardon: inspiring inventions; Chandra: fair witness; Charubel: peeping/reconnoitering).

Overall, the degree portrays a mentally sharp, enduring individual with strategic potential, but one who may grapple with emotional coldness, spiritual detachment, or external threats, leading to growth through adversity. The blend of practical (Virgo/Taurus in Nikola) and transcendent (Chandra, Sabian, Burgess) elements suggests a duality between worldly power and inner awakening.DifferencesWhile similarities highlight mental and resilient themes, differences arise in tone (positive vs. negative), focus (mundane vs. esoteric), and outcomes (success vs. ordeal). These can be categorized:Tone and Outcome: Some are optimistic or empowering (Nikola: supreme power/greatness; Leinbach: skilled socialite, life of party; Bardon: inspirer of inventions; Chandra: aligned with greater laws, divine awareness), while others are cautionary or bleak (Carelli: apathy, miserable life; Kozminsky: threatenings, difficulties; Janduz: stasis/bad luck; Muir: forced to earn after neglect). This splits between potential for achievement (e.g., Nikola's power, Henson's endurance) and risks of downfall (e.g., Weber's impatience/overlooked).
Focus Areas: Mental/Practical: Carelli, Janduz, Weber, Henson, Leinbach, Charubel emphasize intellect, math, strategy, or social tactics in everyday life.
Esoteric/Spiritual: Bardon (Akasha inventions), Chandra (upside-down detachment), Sabian (ego crucifixion, initiation), James Burgess (sacred awakening) lean toward mystical or karmic dimensions.
Symbolic/Warning: Kozminsky (stormy threats), Muir (neglect for study) are more allegorical or lifestyle-oriented.
Health/Body: Henson and Weber uniquely tie to physical areas (intestines, periodic checks), adding a somatic layer absent elsewhere.

Elemental or Influential Modifiers: Carelli specifies elemental corrections (Water/Fire to balance dryness); Nikola adds Taurus rulership (earthly power/stability); Weber introduces Sagittarius/Cancer influences (scattered problems). These vary the "flavor," with no unified system—e.g., Bardon's occult secrecy contrasts Leinbach's sociable cleverness.
Scope and Application: Broader societal/power themes in Nikola (large buildings, greatness) differ from personal introspection in Chandra/Sabian/Burgess or professional aptitudes in Charubel/Henson. Bardon stands out as uniquely future-oriented (delaying inventions for centuries).

In summary, the degree evokes a strategist-inventor archetype with intellectual gifts and enduring conviction, but interpretations diverge on whether this leads to worldly power (Nikola), spiritual liberation (Chandra, Sabian, Burgess), or personal pitfalls (Carelli, Kozminsky). The Virgo essence of analysis and service unifies them, yet the range reflects diverse astrological traditions—from practical (Carelli, Janduz) to symbolic (Sabian, Chandra) and modern (Nikola).





--------------- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Carelli

1-2 deg Virgo

This degree confers a great abstract intelligence, a manifold versatility, a methodical and precise mental procedure, a special gift for military and mathematical sciences, a keen mind constantly on the lookout, but if no other influences in the pattern supply practical skill, the native will be as clumsy in carrying out as he has been brilliant in conceiving.

A dry and cool nature, whose earnestness can border on unwieldiness, whose endurance can drift into stubbornness and maniacal conceit. One endowed with great steadfastness but none of those deep impulses which only a feeling-not merely a reckoning-nature can give a human being. The resulting attitude is mostly one of apathy, sometimes of fatalistic indolence and sluggishness. Spiritually, the native is an atheist or, worse, an agnostic. Financially he is in for a miserable and roaming life when other aspects do hot correct this one.

A decided prevalence of the elements of Water and Fire in the birth pattern can correct the dryness and coldness of this being. Water only would add to his sloth and fickleness; fire alone would heighten his dryness.


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Bardon

176: Bruahi (2° Virgo) - is the protector of all inventions in the Akasha-principle, so that they are not realized before their time. As occasion demands, he inspires certain individuals to make certain inventions and causes these to be realized in the physical world. However, this head also hinders people with high intuitive faculties from realizing inventions which are not to be made known to the public before a longer time, maybe a century or five centuries, has passed. The magician in the favour of this head is shown by him under the seal of secrecy, in the Akashaprinciple, which kind of inventions will startle our world in a hundred or even a thousand years.


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Chandra

VIRGO 2 A man hanging upside down from a tree. Out of phase with the personal ego-mind, in phase with the greater laws, you are absolutely forced to stay put, to sit tight, to watch and listen and say and do as little as possible. A fair witness to what is happening all around, with no personal vantage point. Being a truth vessel--perfectly designed to hold the truth and nothing but. Uncomprehending of perversity and corruption, and naive to all radical distortion, but you are surpassingly aware of what is good and what is true and of the ways in which the greater laws are being played out in this world. Gifted in observing and appreciating how the Divine Will prevails, how the light penetrates the darkness. Simply there to be with the constructive and the upbuilding energies and forces. The pure idealist in the perfect position to be strictly transparent.


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Charubel

A man peeping around a corner at a company of a armed men, who are in the act of reconnoitering. Denotes a strategist; one well adapted for the army; or might succeed in almost any other department. In the meantime such proclivities might appear, at times, anything but enviable.

- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Henson

1-2 deg Virgo Music; firmness; a strategist with a critical, penetrating and orderly mind; great endurance; firm in his convictions; may depart from orthodox religion; photography; upper intestinal areas.

238


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Janduz

1 Virgo "A man and a woman are seated on a rock in the middle of a desert." Honest, stable, and serious character. One is endowed with a precise and mathematical thinking pattern, but one has a theoretical approach of life and does not pay enough attention to emotional factors. Success can be achieved in careers related to metaphysics, science, or the arts. However, because one often comes across as a cold person, followers may be scared off. There is also a tendency towards passivity and to stick to routine, which prevents to clearly defined the most important goals. Although resilience and patience are remarkable assets, stasis is the cause of bad luck.


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Kozminsky

1-2 deg Virgo

Symbol: A waning moon in a sky, half of which is dear and studded with stars, and half of which Is covered with dark clouds which herald an approaching storm.

Denotes one of considerable ability who, as his life grows older, will be plunged into difficulties and trouble. It is well for one born in this degree to study his actions and to be scrupulously cautious as to his plans and movements. He should avoid speculative ventures, guard against deceit and treachery, and do all that is possible to lead an even, temperate life. It is a symbol of Threatenings.


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Leinbach

1-2 deg of Virgo

This degree is indicative of a strategist. He may be very deep or very shallow, but he makes a mental plan or pattern to guide his way in relationship to other people. He may be very clever or very naive but he has a mental approach to attracting and holding the spotlight. His interests are involved with social interaction. He develops mental skills which he applies to human behavior. He maintains a friendly and flattering, outgoing aura which spells welcome to everyone. There may be ulterior motives behind his friendliness, or he may be

358

genuinely eager to develop his relationships with others. Regardless of his motivation, he is skilled at being the life of the party. He adds mental cleverness to the Leo need to be in the spotlight. If he is secure and well-oriented this ability will be a genuine asset to his becoming a valuable member of society. If he is resentful and bent on revenge he will be dangerous both to himself and others.

- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Muir

1-2 deg Virgo Inclined to neglect business for pleasurable study until compelled by circumstances to earn a livelihood.


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Sabian

PHASE 152 (VIRGO 2°): A LARGE WHITE CROSS DOMINATES THE LANDSCAPE.

KEYNOTE: The wisdom and compassion which only the experience of suffering and isolation can bring.

The individual must have gone beyond the state of ego-subjectivity in order truly and objectively to “see” and to discriminate. He must have learned detachment; and it is a lesson that no one can learn without the “crucifixion” of the ego-centered emotional life. In the occult tradition, the eye that “sees” must be washed by the blood of the heart. The experience of the Cross dominates the mystic Path that leads to Initiation, i.e. to the entrance into a greater realm of activity and participation with an exalted Company of perfected beings.

While the discovery of significant features in any situation implied the use of the mind, both analytical and intuitive, now a contrasting stage is reached at which the mind itself has to be left behind and perhaps even seemingly destroyed in order that compassion and understanding may rise from the depth of the innermost being: a LIBERATING ORDEAL.


- Sun 01°04' Virgo - Weber

1-2 deg Virgo

Scattered, perhaps self-righteous Sagittarius influence with Cancer brings problems to Virgo, but also adds

More intelligence than the previous degree. A firm, critical, mastermind, perhaps a musician, composer, excellent with math, theory and other mental procedures. Impatient and irritable with others, often passed by for promotions - smart, but may not be earthy or disciplined enough to establish and take advantage of truly valuable traits. Health should be checked periodically.
KINGS DECENNIAL 2020 CHART ON QUEENS DEATH


Halfsums

VE/SA = Love's parting. Separation of love. Love's sorrow. Interrupted harmony. Hindered inclinations.
UR/HA = Distinctly marked loathsomeness or disgust. Sudden mean acts. Exciting damages. Accident. Murder.
SA/ZE = Separating from one's work, or accomplishments. Fire losses. Occurrences without consequences. Hindered activity. Events which bring about separations. Bequeathing. Perseverance. Oppression. Anxiety, anguish, obstacles, and hindrances in activity or work. Separation from or interrupted activities. Production losses. Breakdown of machines.
UR/KR = Emphatic expressions. Authority appearing suddenly. The formula of great tension and collected power.
NO/AD = Old or close, reliable connections. Few connections. Small exclusive circle. Connections with a few. Fetters, tight bond, binding tie. Connections which are oppressive and are a burden. "People who tie you down". Hampering associations.
Grouping
02 MC = To feel attracted by oppressed people. Connections with lonely types of people who are avoided or who are ill reputed. To retain only a few connections. Connections which are separated through death. To feel in bonds or to long for freedom

draft 2 vi

Aug. 23rd, 2025 09:46 pm
Overview of Degree InterpretationsThe Sun at 01°04' Virgo falls within the 1°-2° range of Virgo (commonly referred to as the 2nd degree in systems like Sabian symbols, where 1° Virgo corresponds to 0°00'-0°59' and 2° Virgo to 1°00'-1°59'). Below, I've compiled the provided interpretations from various astrologers and systems, and added those from Nikola Stojanovic's degree theory and James Burgess's zodiac degree work. Stojanovic's theory assigns specific meanings to degree numbers across all signs, with 2° linked to Taurus influences and themes of "supreme power, greatness, or large buildings," often manifesting as elevated status, wealth, or structural achievements, but tempered by the sign's energy (here, Virgo's analytical precision).

2 sources

James Burgess reinterprets Sabian symbols with a focus on spiritual and psychological growth, framing Virgo 2° (Large White Cross) as an "awakening to sacredness," emphasizing contrast, expansion through conviction, and a shift toward perceiving deeper holiness in life.

2 sources

For clarity, here's a summarized list of all interpretations:Carelli (1-2° Virgo): Great abstract intelligence, versatility, methodical mind, gifts for military/math sciences; dry, cool nature prone to apathy, stubbornness, atheism/agnosticism; potential miserable/roaming life unless balanced by Water/Fire elements.
Bardon (2° Virgo): Protector of inventions in the Akasha principle; inspires or delays realizations of ideas; reveals future inventions under secrecy to favored individuals.
Chandra (Virgo 2°): Man hanging upside down from a tree; detached from ego, aligned with greater laws; acts as a pure truth vessel, observing divine will prevail over distortion.
Charubel (1-2° Virgo? implied): Man peeping at armed men reconnoitering; denotes a strategist suited for army or other fields, though traits may seem unenviable.
Henson (1-2° Virgo): Music, firmness; strategist with critical, penetrating, orderly mind; great endurance, firm convictions; may depart from orthodox religion; photography; rules upper intestinal areas.
Janduz (1° Virgo): Man and woman on a rock in desert; honest, stable, serious; precise mathematical thinking, theoretical approach; success in metaphysics/science/arts; cold, passive, sticks to routine, risking stasis/bad luck.
Kozminsky (1-2° Virgo): Waning moon in half-clear/half-cloudy sky; considerable ability but later difficulties/trouble; advises caution, avoiding speculation/deceit; symbol of threatenings.
Leinbach (1-2° Virgo): Strategist with mental plans for social interactions; clever/naive, outgoing, friendly (genuine or ulterior); skilled at being life of party; adds mental cleverness to spotlight-seeking.
Muir (1-2° Virgo): Inclined to neglect business for pleasurable study until compelled by circumstances to earn a livelihood.
Sabian (Virgo 2°): Large white cross dominates landscape; wisdom/compassion from suffering/isolation; requires ego "crucifixion" for detachment; liberating ordeal leading to initiation and higher participation.
Weber (1-2° Virgo): Scattered, self-righteous with Sagittarius/Cancer influences causing problems; firm, critical mastermind; musician/composer, excellent in math/theory; impatient/irritable, often overlooked for promotions; periodic health checks needed.
Nikola Stojanovic (2° any sign, applied to Virgo): Ruled by Taurus; degree of supreme power, greatness, or large buildings; confers potential for elevated status, enduring structures, or significant achievements, blended with Virgo's detail-oriented, service-focused energy—may manifest as powerful analytical roles or building lasting systems/institutions.
James Burgess (Virgo 2°): Awakening to sacredness (based on Large White Cross Sabian); contrasting principle within "conviction" expression; expands through recognizing holiness, leading to deeper spiritual awareness and principled growth.

SimilaritiesThe interpretations share several overlapping themes, often clustering around intellectual prowess, strategic thinking, detachment/spirituality, and potential challenges. These can be grouped as follows:Intellectual and Strategic Gifts: A strong emphasis on mental acuity, precision, and strategy appears in many (Carelli: abstract intelligence, military/math; Charubel: strategist for army; Henson: strategist with critical/orderly mind; Leinbach: mental plans for social interaction; Janduz: precise mathematical thinking; Weber: mastermind excellent in math/theory; Nikola: power/greatness via structured achievements). This suggests a core Virgoan theme of analytical, methodical problem-solving amplified at this degree, often with a tactical or inventive edge (Bardon: protector of inventions).
Firmness, Endurance, and Convictions: Traits like steadfastness, firmness, and strong beliefs recur (Carelli: endurance bordering on stubbornness; Henson: firmness, great endurance, firm convictions; Janduz: stable, serious; Weber: firm mastermind; Nikola: greatness/large buildings implying enduring structures). This points to resilience but with risks of rigidity.
Detachment, Spirituality, or Higher Awareness: Several highlight a shift beyond ego toward deeper truths or sacredness (Chandra: out of phase with ego, truth vessel observing divine will; Sabian: detachment via suffering, liberating ordeal; James Burgess: awakening to sacredness; Carelli: atheism/agnosticism as a form of detached reckoning; Henson: departure from orthodox religion). This creates a spiritual undercurrent, where isolation or ordeal leads to wisdom/compassion.
Potential for Challenges or Negativity: Warnings of difficulties, apathy, or threats are common (Carelli: apathy, fatalistic indolence, miserable life; Kozminsky: later troubles, threatenings, caution needed; Janduz: coldness, passivity, stasis causing bad luck; Weber: scattered, impatient, overlooked promotions, health issues; Muir: neglect of business until compelled). Health or bodily concerns also echo (Henson: upper intestinal; Weber: health checks).
Creative or Observational Elements: Subtle nods to arts, observation, or innovation (Henson: music, photography; Weber: musician/composer; Bardon: inspiring inventions; Chandra: fair witness; Charubel: peeping/reconnoitering).

Overall, the degree portrays a mentally sharp, enduring individual with strategic potential, but one who may grapple with emotional coldness, spiritual detachment, or external threats, leading to growth through adversity. The blend of practical (Virgo/Taurus in Nikola) and transcendent (Chandra, Sabian, Burgess) elements suggests a duality between worldly power and inner awakening.DifferencesWhile similarities highlight mental and resilient themes, differences arise in tone (positive vs. negative), focus (mundane vs. esoteric), and outcomes (success vs. ordeal). These can be categorized:Tone and Outcome: Some are optimistic or empowering (Nikola: supreme power/greatness; Leinbach: skilled socialite, life of party; Bardon: inspirer of inventions; Chandra: aligned with greater laws, divine awareness), while others are cautionary or bleak (Carelli: apathy, miserable life; Kozminsky: threatenings, difficulties; Janduz: stasis/bad luck; Muir: forced to earn after neglect). This splits between potential for achievement (e.g., Nikola's power, Henson's endurance) and risks of downfall (e.g., Weber's impatience/overlooked).
Focus Areas: Mental/Practical: Carelli, Janduz, Weber, Henson, Leinbach, Charubel emphasize intellect, math, strategy, or social tactics in everyday life.
Esoteric/Spiritual: Bardon (Akasha inventions), Chandra (upside-down detachment), Sabian (ego crucifixion, initiation), James Burgess (sacred awakening) lean toward mystical or karmic dimensions.
Symbolic/Warning: Kozminsky (stormy threats), Muir (neglect for study) are more allegorical or lifestyle-oriented.
Health/Body: Henson and Weber uniquely tie to physical areas (intestines, periodic checks), adding a somatic layer absent elsewhere.

Elemental or Influential Modifiers: Carelli specifies elemental corrections (Water/Fire to balance dryness); Nikola adds Taurus rulership (earthly power/stability); Weber introduces Sagittarius/Cancer influences (scattered problems). These vary the "flavor," with no unified system—e.g., Bardon's occult secrecy contrasts Leinbach's sociable cleverness.
Scope and Application: Broader societal/power themes in Nikola (large buildings, greatness) differ from personal introspection in Chandra/Sabian/Burgess or professional aptitudes in Charubel/Henson. Bardon stands out as uniquely future-oriented (delaying inventions for centuries).

In summary, the degree evokes a strategist-inventor archetype with intellectual gifts and enduring conviction, but interpretations diverge on whether this leads to worldly power (Nikola), spiritual liberation (Chandra, Sabian, Burgess), or personal pitfalls (Carelli, Kozminsky). The Virgo essence of analysis and service unifies them, yet the range reflects diverse astrological traditions—from practical (Carelli, Janduz) to symbolic (Sabian, Chandra) and modern (Nikola).
Since history, astrology, and numerology reflect higher orders of
creation, no one of them proceeds from another. Each is the manifes¬
tation of a higher principle; but when they reflect the same principle,
then one may shed light on another. For example, the fact that the
Egyptian civilization was Cancerian helps us to understand the inner
purpose of this civilization; but at the same time the study of the
Egyptian character may help us further to grasp the nature of the
Cancerian principle.
The study of harmonics in history opens windows on the beauty of
creation. It sharpens the essential correspondence between number
and form. It strengthens our grasp of the logical order of evolution,
and advances our intimations of the relationship between human will
and historical principle. For man’s choices do indeed affect the
particular forms of historical expression, even though there is no
justification for assuming that they change the course of history.
Man’s creative imagination and practical application give form to the
possibilities tossed up by the river of history.
In the end there is no problem of determination versus free will;
there is only the appearance of such a problem, arising from the
limitations of our grasp of the relation between historical process and
man’s role within it. Historical process operates according to strict
law, to which there are no exceptions and from which there is no
appeal. History produces changing possibilities, within which man is
given room to operate. Surely man is responsible for the creation of
particular social and artistic forms—but this should not lead him to
suppose he can create whatever he fancies. Michelangelo could create
sculpture undreamt of by anyone else, but he could not have created
worthwhile sculpture in Romanesque or Egyptian style.
xviii
HARMONICS OF HISTORY
The individual forms of history are not pre-ordained, but its direc¬
tion and purposes are. We live in a lawful universe: Why should
historical process be exempt when physical or natural process is not?
But man, having free will, is given a certain choice within these lawful
operations: He is allowed to employ his imagination and reason
within the range of opportunities available at the given stage of
historical development. So the operation of human genius does
determine the particular forms and meanings whose chronicle we
recount under the name of history. Human genius is a function of the
human spirit, and can choose—not any way it likes, but at least
between this way and that way. Fritz Novotny nicely summed the
situation in saying, “Naturally, I am not thinking of a ‘blind’ law of
development, and I shall avoid saying that it had to come. For being a
matter of the history of spirit, it could surely have been different. But
since it took place as it did, we must note that a highly con




































giza sarcophagus


. After clearing the deep shaft filled with limestone debris, the burial chamber containing the sarcophagus and other grave goods was reached and ENTERED on March 9, 1925. The sarcophagus was sealed but empty upon opening (in 1927), though the tomb yielded remarkable artifacts like gilded furniture, jewelry, and a canopic chest, providing key insights into Old Kingdom royal burials.

3 sources

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